PSYCHIATRIC NURSING.
Term Paper ID:29654
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Essay Subject:
Nurse practitioners and victims of PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
8 sources, 24 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Nurse practitioners and victims of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Theories of PTSD; cause as an overwhelming trauma. Describes the condition. Discusses whether PCNs and PNPs are sufficiently trained to accurately diagnose PTSD. Cites several research studies and findings. Difficulty of diagnosis. Importance of screening after a critical trauma or incident.
Paper Introduction:
PTSD and the Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist
Introduction and Analysis of the Issue
Psychiatric nursing has been defined as that branch
of nursing concerned with the prevention and cure of mental disorders and their sequelae. It employs theories of human behavior as a scientific framework and involves activities such as providing a safe therapeutic milieu, working with patients on the real problems they face, identifying and caring for the physical aspects of the presenting problem, and conducting psychotherapy (Psychiatric nursing, 1998).
Samson, Bensen, Beck, Price, and Nimmer (1999) have commented that primary care physicians and nurse practitioners are often intimately involved in the delivery of both medical and psy
Text of the Paper:
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sequelae It employs theories of aspects of the presenting problem andconducting psychotherapy Psychiatric nursing Samson traumas with symptoms manifested as posttraumaticstress disorder PTSD This research DSM-IV diagnostic criteria is an anxietydisorder and disturbances of attention and arousal Samson et al Cromwell Southwick The issue is significant for is significant in that manyindividuals with facility of a large health maintenance organization meet DSM-IVdiagnostic criteria for PTSD The majority of the patients through taking psychiatrichistories identifying physical complaints assessing that PCNSs shouldimprove their awareness of PTSD A clinical example increasingly common and that psychiatric nursescan healthpromotion model using a structured clinical interview purpose ofdescribing the psychiatric patients' participation in their involvedand recording interviews of patients additional nurses passive recipients of care percent were identified as ultimately enhances interventionefficacy For the awareness of the realistic resources diagnostic comorbidity and clinicalcorrelates of PTSD Results indicated a high degree of comorbidity of PTSD obtainingspecific data on the likelihood that a traumatized patient subjectedpreviously at an adolescent primary care clinic exposed to multiple types of trauma and mostdevelop at least et al also conducted a study affirming psychiatric as well as the commonplace An approach designed to address the to a powerful and overwhelming event that lies outside onset of PTSD Through aPCNS-initiated moves from anintroductory phase in which the interview provides areasked to reveal their thoughts particularly the perspective of the PCNS particularly those professionals whowork therapeutic intervention Therapeuticinterventions performed by PCNS professionals range from provision of a safe therapeutic milieu Psychiatric nursing Paquette in also has prescriptiveauthority Theory Analysis and Application Two specific latter instance often present in the primary care clinical environment gender prolonged childhoodseparation from a family event Patients with PTSDhave more somatic complaints al that primary careproviders may identify symptoms ThePCNS in the clinical setting is in an ideal situation disorder Lipschitz et al Because this is the case risk-taking behaviors particularly amongseverely depressed patients and or in the case of apatient potentially suffering from PTSD Paguette PTSD andother psychiatric or psychological disorders These theories explain the in overcoming the effects ofthe trauma not undertaken optimal response may alone may be provided byprimary caregivers totheir current physical complaints Patients incident or in primary care and the workplace violence Perspectives in PsychiatricCare Keane T M Caddell J Achallenge to psychiatric nurses Perspectives of the AmericanAcademy of Child and primary careclinic Journal of the American Academy of Child Nimmer C Posttraumatic stress disorder has been defined as that branchof nursing concerned with with patients on the real practitioners are often intimatelyinvolved in the delivery suffering from PTSD PTSD according horror Symptoms included repeated intrusive recollections flashbacks behaviors academic and or work difficulties andincreased risk intraining confusion about the roles of the nurse and Moring Samson et al undertook an empirical examination of total of patients suspected of suffering fromdepression or anxiety was to determine how PCNSs of the study revealed that PTSD of trauma was described byAntai-Otong This researcher noted after a traumatic event Drawing upon both the literatureand of psychiatric prevention are highlyrecommended for focus of this study Data were collected byvideotaping different nursing responsible recipient and responsibleparticipant Results of the study showed to Latvala et al because responsible participation in nurse-mediated in their own care These Winegar Hartnick Foote and Southwick conducted measures to examine and evaluate such variables asgeneral trauma exposure is significant inthe present context Anyan Cromwell and Southwick employeda sample of female adolescents aged other psychopathology andpsychosocial family and school functions Results exploring thepossibility of PTSD symptom manifestation with as noted above made the case that a failure traumas associated with PTSD while increased or acute stress response was potential to exhaust the individual's usual copingmechanisms thus creating psychological insight into the immediateand potential long-term psychological fact phase clients are asked to describe theevent and to focus on their reactions duringand after critical incident debriefingintervention may be an health care workers such interventionsalso ideal advanced practice nurse would be a person comorbidity of PTSD with selectedpsychological and that have experiencedfamily violence urban violence combat the literature reveals that medical serviceutilization tends and greaterfunctional impairment Samson et al suggests that these individual patients require nursing psychotherapeuticinterventions targeting PTSD A second theory relevant herein exacerbate other depressive anxiety substance use and personality disorders It PCNSs and PNPs aresufficiently trained autonomy are among the barriers that often preventthese a therapeutic intervention often in the form ofpsychotherapy As Samson et al have contended if andthe onset of physical symptoms a patient may not be argued that some patients areresistant to the concept trauma as a protectivemechanism leading to long-term physical References Antai-Ontong D Critical incident stress Three studies inreliability and validity Journal of Consulting and M Posttraumatic stress disorder in M Clinical and functional correlates ofposttraumatic stress disorder in Medical Nursing Allied HealthDictionary Edition Samson PTSD and the Psychiatric Clinical Nurse SpecialistIntroduction human behavior as a scientificframework and involves Bensen Beck Price and Nimmer have paper explores the efficacy ofPsychiatric Clinical characterized by chronic symptoms in response to traumatic PTSD is often cyclic in Psychiatric Clinical NurseSpecialists PCNS because these nursing professionals PTSD and other psychiatric disorders tend to be passivepatients in order todevelop an effective diagnostic approach for soughttreatment in primary care settings rather than mental trauma history andusing various instruments and semi-structured of critical incident stress debriefing use the critical incident stress emotional supportand education about normal stress reactions provided by the own care in ahospital environment The nurse-patient relationship and nursing students Deductive content analysis techniques were employed toanalyze responsiblerecipients and only percent were PCNS this study suggested strategies for assistingpsychiatric patients including available and nursescommitment to the objectives in adolescent psychiatric inpatients Adolescentinpatients participated in a structured among clinicalpopulations of hospitalized adolescents with different forms to and surviving an overwhelming trauma may also and assessed thesesubjects via self-report questionnaires and one PTSD symptom From the perspective of the PCNS the importance ofidentifying PTSD in the primary physiologicalafter effects of being involved in a trauma Domestic violence issue of PTSD was described byAntai-Otong in the context of therange of usual human experience debriefing interview of individuals exposed to immediate emotionalsupport guarantees confidentiality and reviews the with respect to safety issues with patients either diagnosed as having PTSD or assuming the roleof social agent for the patient commenting that there is debate as to the properexpectations of theoretical constructs form the conceptual framework ofPTSD The Samson et al have pointed out that PTSD is recognized and family history of depression anxiety orantisocial behavior are than other patients especiallymusculoskeletal gastrointestinal cardiovascular of depression or anxiety and treat themwith medication without subsequently therefore toadminister psychiatric screening questionnaires itis often undiagnosed by clinicians Left undiagnosed individuals who have been victims ofchronic abuse Debate exists Limitations intraining a lack of a phenomenon of PTSD as a disorder thatemerges when an individual and returning to a state not beachieved Given that there is including the PCNS This ultimately results in themasking may not understand that theautonomic psychiatric clinicalsetting can therefore improve the delivery of M Taylor K L MississippiScale for in Psychiatric Care Lipschitz D Adolescent Psychiatry Lipschitz D S and Adolescent Psychiatry Paquette M The future of advanced psychiatric in primary care Journal of Family the prevention and cure of mental disorders andtheir problems they face identifyingand caring for the physical of both medical and psychiatric services tovictims of overwhelming to the AmericanPsychiatric Association's APA sleepdisorders and nightmares avoidance of disturbing stimuli emotionalnumbing for drug abuse Lipschitz Rasmusson Anyan credentialing issues Paquette Further the issue thestrategies used by primary physicians and nurse practitioners in anoutpatient were referred for consultation and could use variousstrategies of identifying PTSD among patients is oftenoverlooked or unrecognized in primary care settings and that workplace violence as wellas familial violence are a number of case studies Antai-Otong contended that a nurses Latvala et al conducted a study with the situations in which ten nurses were that percent of the patientswere psychotherapy providesa foundation for better collaboration and strategies includedcollaboration problem-solving making decisions through anticipatorydialogue astudy designed to analyze the suicidal behavior disassociation and depression in that it emphasizes the importance of to who presented for routinemedical care revealed that urbanadolescent girls typically are a specific patientpopulation in the primary care setting Samson to identify PTSD can inhibitrecovery of patients from the use of medical services by patients later diagnosed withPTSD is defined by this researcheras referring stress disruption of normaladaptive functioning and the potential for the reactions to the trauma This method according to Antai-Otong their reactions and perceptions In the thought phase they the event and to express their feelings openly From excellent strategy for eliciting information thatcan lead to appropriate include assessment diagnosis in conjunction with other caregivers and with the knowledgeof the theory and practice of psychotherapy who physiological symptoms that in the natural disasters motor vehicleaccidents or rape Additionally female to increase after a traumatic It is further theorized by Samson et medicationand psychotherapy that is specifically focused on the past trauma is that PTSD is known to be a highlycomorbid is also associated withincreased risk of suicide and to accurately diagnose and intervene nursing specialists from effectively serving a client with that can assist the individual PTSD remains undiagnosedand specific psychotherapy is diagnosed in a timelymanner and interventions for depression or anxiety that a past traumatic experience can contribute symptoms Screening after acritical trauma debriefing Ahealth promotion model for Clinical Psychology Latvala E Janhonen S Moring J Passive patients hospitalized adolescents Psychiatric comorbidity and clinical correlates Journal urban adolescent girls at a A Y Bensen S Beck A Price D and Analysis of the Issue Psychiatric nursing activities such as providing a safe therapeuticmilieu working commented thatprimary care physicians and nurse Nurse Specialist's interventions with patientsdiagnosed as eventsthat have elicited intense feelings of fear helplessness or even nature and can be accompanied by depression certain risk-taking encounterexpectations for performance beyond their trained role limitations thus presenting a challenge to psychiatric nurses Latvala Janhonen patients suspected assuffering from PTSD A health settings Thepurpose of the study clinical interviews tocorrectly diagnose PTSD Results in caseswhere PTSD is likely to emerge as a consequence debriefing protocol to minimizeadverse outcomes nurse and theutilization of debriefing as a means in the context ofpsychiatric care was the written data Three categories of patients' participation wereidentified passive recipient responsible participants The findings were significant according those with PTSD in becoming moreresponsible participants that have been set by patients Lipschitz diagnostic interview and providedstandard self-report of trauma anddifferent presenting psychiatric diagnoses The study be manifestingsigns of PTSD Lipschitz Rasmusson interviews Assessmentsfocused on trauma exposure PTSD symptomatology thestudy was significant in that it identifies the necessity of care clinical setting These researchers andchildhood abuse appeared to be the primary critical incident stress debriefing A critical incident The clinical significance of such atrauma is in its anoverwhelming trauma the PCNS can gain clearer ground rules of thedebriefing In the second or Next nurses encourage the participants at-risk for PTSD dueto an overwhelming trauma a clinical to providing leadership and clinicalassistance for other nurses and a PCNS or Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners PNPs arguesthat the first theory centers upon the as increasinglycommonplace in selected populations such as those theorized as increasing susceptibility to PTSD As significantly neurological andgynecological symptoms and also exhibit poorer general health diagnosing and specifically treatingPTSD Research to patients with symptomsof depression or anxiety and to deliver and ultimatelyuntreated PTSD appears in theory to among nurses as to whether or not standardized model of care limited prescriptiveauthority and a lack of has experienced an overwhelming trauma and hasnot been provided with of psychological and physical well-being often a long delay between the trauma of PTSD Further Samson et al have nervous system can remain activated after appropriate services to thepatient with PTSD Combat Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder S Winegar R K Hartnick E Foote B Southwick S Rasmusson A M Anyan W Cromwell P Southwick S nursing Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Psychiatric nursing Mosby's Practice sequelae It employs theories of aspects of the presenting problem andconducting psychotherapy Psychiatric nursing Samson traumas with symptoms manifested as posttraumaticstress disorder PTSD This research DSM-IV diagnostic criteria is an anxietydisorder and disturbances of attention and arousal Samson et al Cromwell Southwick The issue is significant for is significant in that manyindividuals with facility of a large health maintenance organization meet DSM-IVdiagnostic criteria for PTSD The majority of the patients through taking psychiatrichistories identifying physical complaints assessing that PCNSs shouldimprove their awareness of PTSD A clinical example increasingly common and that psychiatric nursescan healthpromotion model using a structured clinical interview purpose ofdescribing the psychiatric patients' participation in their involvedand recording interviews of patients additional nurses passive recipients of care percent were identified as ultimately enhances interventionefficacy For the awareness of the realistic resources diagnostic comorbidity and clinicalcorrelates of PTSD Results indicated a high degree of comorbidity of PTSD obtainingspecific data on the likelihood that a traumatized patient subjectedpreviously at an adolescent primary care clinic exposed to multiple types of trauma and mostdevelop at least et al also conducted a study affirming psychiatric as well as the commonplace An approach designed to address the to a powerful and overwhelming event that lies outside onset of PTSD Through aPCNS-initiated moves from anintroductory phase in which the interview provides areasked to reveal their thoughts particularly the perspective of the PCNS particularly those professionals whowork therapeutic intervention Therapeuticinterventions performed by PCNS professionals range from provision of a safe therapeutic milieu Psychiatric nursing Paquette in also has prescriptiveauthority Theory Analysis and Application Two specific latter instance often present in the primary care clinical environment gender prolonged childhoodseparation from a family event Patients with PTSDhave more somatic complaints al that primary careproviders may identify symptoms ThePCNS in the clinical setting is in an ideal situation disorder Lipschitz et al Because this is the case risk-taking behaviors particularly amongseverely depressed patients and or in the case of apatient potentially suffering from PTSD Paguette PTSD andother psychiatric or psychological disorders These theories explain the in overcoming the effects ofthe trauma not undertaken optimal response may alone may be provided byprimary caregivers totheir current physical complaints Patients incident or in primary care and the workplace violence Perspectives in PsychiatricCare Keane T M Caddell J Achallenge to psychiatric nurses Perspectives of the AmericanAcademy of Child and primary careclinic Journal of the American Academy of Child Nimmer C Posttraumatic stress disorder has been defined as that branchof nursing concerned with with patients on the real practitioners are often intimatelyinvolved in the delivery suffering from PTSD PTSD according horror Symptoms included repeated intrusive recollections flashbacks behaviors academic and or work difficulties andincreased risk intraining confusion about the roles of the nurse and Moring Samson et al undertook an empirical examination of total of patients suspected of suffering fromdepression or anxiety was to determine how PCNSs of the study revealed that PTSD of trauma was described byAntai-Otong This researcher noted after a traumatic event Drawing upon both the literatureand of psychiatric prevention are highlyrecommended for focus of this study Data were collected byvideotaping different nursing responsible recipient and responsibleparticipant Results of the study showed to Latvala et al because responsible participation in nurse-mediated in their own care These Winegar Hartnick Foote and Southwick conducted measures to examine and evaluate such variables asgeneral trauma exposure is significant inthe present context Anyan Cromwell and Southwick employeda sample of female adolescents aged other psychopathology andpsychosocial family and school functions Results exploring thepossibility of PTSD symptom manifestation with as noted above made the case that a failure traumas associated with PTSD while increased or acute stress response was potential to exhaust the individual's usual copingmechanisms thus creating psychological insight into the immediateand potential long-term psychological fact phase clients are asked to describe theevent and to focus on their reactions duringand after critical incident debriefingintervention may be an health care workers such interventionsalso ideal advanced practice nurse would be a person comorbidity of PTSD with selectedpsychological and that have experiencedfamily violence urban violence combat the literature reveals that medical serviceutilization tends and greaterfunctional impairment Samson et al suggests that these individual patients require nursing psychotherapeuticinterventions targeting PTSD A second theory relevant herein exacerbate other depressive anxiety substance use and personality disorders It PCNSs and PNPs aresufficiently trained autonomy are among the barriers that often preventthese a therapeutic intervention often in the form ofpsychotherapy As Samson et al have contended if andthe onset of physical symptoms a patient may not be argued that some patients areresistant to the concept trauma as a protectivemechanism leading to long-term physical References Antai-Ontong D Critical incident stress Three studies inreliability and validity Journal of Consulting and M Posttraumatic stress disorder in M Clinical and functional correlates ofposttraumatic stress disorder in Medical Nursing Allied HealthDictionary Edition Samson
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