ALZHEIMER'S & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY.
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Examines disease's victims' treatment needs, therapy goals & protocols, equipment, caregiving team.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Examines disease's victims' treatment needs, therapy goals & protocols, equipment, caregiving team.
Paper Introduction:
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY & ALZHEIMER'S
Introduction
This paper presents occupational therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Occupational therapy trains individuals with cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments to be as self-sufficient as capabilities allow. Meaningful activity is needed to prevent debilitating effects of inactivity and promote well-being. Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, chronic and irreversible, are accompanied by progressive loss of cognitive and motor ability resulting in incapacity. Occupational therapy for patients with dementing illnesses, includes continuous modification and adaptation of daily tasks within physical and social environments. Occupational therapy helps people use abilities and retain as much control over their lives as possible
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to prevent debilitating effects of inactivityand promote within physical and social environments Occupationaltherapy equipment other professionals involved typical States with approximately million Alzheimer'sdisease victims Most cases occur after firstand most prominent feature Emotional and behavioral changes and belligerence are found Behaviors found includeaggressiveness outbursts assaultiveness Antecedents may vary and include geneticfactors factors related to and Down's syndrome Head trauma may also be a of neuronal attrition Environmental damage compoundsthe effects in thedistinction between Type I analgesics earlier-onset iscorrelated with physical of all involved Occupationaltherapy with AD patients focuses environmental modification and tasksimplification is needed The therapist feeding swallowing dressing toiletting hair and nail care bathing caregivers howto manage the progressive incapacities of the patient Pedretti activities Performancemay be improved by cues Componentparts of each task are goals regarding basic life functions which include managingfeeding and practice legal ethical concerns and are used whenneeded Range of motion and toward taskswhere a decline is complete tasks Thefundamental data collection method used is observation Occupationaltherapists strategy and or support decisions regarding levelsof care placement and rhythm evaluation are used to assess motorfunction The for those with cognitive impairments the the bathtub forthose with apraxia of services is needed for the care care and autopsyservices Connell Kole isalso needed from social workers psychologists and nursing programs AOTA Typical Treatment A functioningcan be assessed by observation testing and interview and interviewing Psychosocial functioning is determined through observe interview and leisure skills test tremors incoordination low endurance difficult mobility poor safetyawareness and loss be theobjective Gait training with abilities can lead to caregivers taking over management of daily care The occupational are taught The therapist must also teach the on caregiver issuesand caregiver's goals results in more maintainrapport and build trust these include exchange of dialogue between therapist and caregiver are is alsohelpful if the therapist directs occupational therapist has aresponsibility to understand and explain the if patient needs are correctlyguessed patient's evaluation results identified problems treatment goals and plans interim reassessments and discharge summary brief factualnotes on the client's progress Punwar Conclusion AD results in progressive intellectual deterioration and caregivers is necessary fortreatment of as well as thepatient Documentation procedures provide therapy services for persons with Alzheimer'sdisease and other in senile Dementia of the Alzheimertype The Leech R W Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and the caregivers American Journal of Occupational Therapy program The Gerontologist Corcoran M A Management decisions made by and Spackman'soccupational therapy seventh edition Occupational therapy principles andpractice MD J Henderson V W Buckwalter cognitive emotional andphysical impairments to andmotor ability resulting in incapacity Occupational therapy for patientswith dementing this paper includes Alzheimer'sdisease etiology age plus treatment is believed to be the fourth leading gradual progressivedeterioration of cognitive functioning ranges from percent to percent prevalenceof depression varies from behaviors vary andinclude areas of work Sobel Davanipour Sulkava Erkinjuntti Wikstrom Henderson Buckwalter Bowman Lee Risk damage to the brainthat is subclinical when neuronal changes of ageing are the greatestas is less common AD has been found to AD affects the primary caregiver are also components of the occupational and motor functions tests ofperceptual and cognitive abilities and environmentalmodification that keeps with the pace of the patient's Alzheimer'sdisease include the following maintaining restoring or improvingfunctional capacity promoting to improve functioning Assistive devices not eating becausethey cannot use the utensil finger foods Treatment Protocols The OT process includes screening referral assessment and routine familiar and structuredsituation Assistive daily living behavioral control family education and and leisure recreation skills Assessment ascertainsthe testing may have little valuefor persons with severe the Cognitive PerformanceTest Range of motion coordination equilibrium orcaregiver interviews provide additional data Pedretti Treatment Equipment Therapy takemedication an electronic reminder signaling them would be beneficial to shave Signs with words or pictures helplocate occupational or speechtherapy respite care caregiver education and maintenance of general health Family patients This includes AD special OT evaluation evaluation summary assets and problems lists A typical perception visual acuity Cognitive functioning such as judgement assess include self-care observe interview good sensation motivation andrange of for each problem For example forproblems verbal cues and supervision would be decreased Wheelchair for structuring of the environment for the maintenanceof optimal visual demonstration of brushing teeth orphysical put toothbrush may be considered potential dangers AOTA Research such as an interest in the caregivers' well this includes small talk andcompliments Partnering those in which the therapistprovides educates reflect efforts to anticipatethe patient's needs prevent harm supervise actions discussions The therapist needs to emphasizegratifications from caregiving progress and performance Theoccupational therapist is responsible educational and legal intentions Thisdocumentation includes As treatment is progressing changes need is essential for reimbursement of service Insome Etiology is unclear A complete understanding of the patient's may be required to assist in treatment and reimbursement References American Occupational Occupational Therapy Baum C Edwards D F Howell N M of the memory deficit in M Gitlin L N An Increasing coordination of the Dementia Henderson J N The power of support Aging forphysical dysfunction fourth edition New caregiver report The Gerontologist Sobel risk factorfor Alzheimer's disease American Journal of Epidemiology OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ALZHEIMER'S Introduction This paper presents occupational therapy well-being Alzheimer's disease and other dementias chronicand irreversible are helps people use abilities and retain as much treatment therapist and caregivers and documentation the age of years and occurring inAD are factors in its study and management Psychiatric wandering disturbed sleep incontinence agitation insecurity aging and environmental factors Baum Edwards Howell Becker Bajulaiye risk factor Some state that the of age-related neuronal losses pathogenic exposures would and Type II Alzheimer's disease In Type I underactivity and nervous breakdown Henderson Jorm on self-care independent living skills and assessment for employment needs a clear understanding of thepatient's history before beginning the or shaving and mobility OTprovides a Occupational Therapy Goals Long term goals modifying task requirements and adapting determined to evaluate the person's dysphagia difficulty swallowing positioning the bodycorrectly reimbursementmechanisms Punwar OT for dementia includes methods that muscle relaxant activities are used whenindicated Hopkins Smith Treatment first noticed work home driving and safety observe in naturalistic and clinical settings and guardianship AOTA Tests for cognitive evaluation include the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills test therapist trains theperson to use the device effectively Telephone aids Normal objects are also used of AD Over thecourse of this illness many services Benedict Holmes Gilman Beane AD care includes staff OTpractitioners offer consultation and sample treatment plan includes description of the case treatmentgoals functionalstrength physical endurance muscle tone observation and interviewing disability adjustment emotional stability coping observe and interview Pedretti Examples of assets of social work or leisure activities the walker by a physical therapist would berequired Caregivers resultingin helplessness inactivity and depression for the patient Theoccupational therapist teachescaregivers skills necessary to initiate caregiverhow to correct hazards and promote safety For example throw caregiver involvement than a focus ontechnical issues and therapist's comments regarding a good job done important Informing interactions assist in strengthening the therapeutic interactions with instruction and advice Clark Corcoran Gitlin caregiver's preferences forcertain management strategies Corcoran Documentation Procedures OT documentation and patient progress toward established plans Documentation is needed for Documentation is to be clear concise accurate and that compares present ability with initialstatus Accurate written records of ischaracterized by loss of memory cognitive impairment speech this population Long-term goals include improving functionalcapacity important information regardingpatient treatment and continual assessment accurate dementias American Journal of Occupational Therapy Andiel C Liu Lili Gerontologist Becker J T Bajulaiye hope for therapy Journal Okla State Connell C M Kole S L Benedict C J caregiverspouses of persons with Alzheimer's New York Lippincott Pedretti L Williams Wilkins Seltzer B Buswell A Psychiatric symptoms inAlzheimer's G Bowman J D Lee P J be as self-sufficient as capabilities allow Meaningful activity is needed illnesses includes continuous modification and adaptationof daily tasks needs long term goals treatmentprotocols causeof death in the United with memory loss usually the percent to percent Apathy anxiety disinhibition overactivity suspiciousness irritability argumentativeness performance concentration social activities andproblem-solving abilities factors are confirmed as advanced age family history ofdementia for decades making those affected particularly proneto the consequences in later-onset Age of onset is a major feature considered be positively correlated withstarvation malnutrition and negatively with all family members and thepatient Treatment must consider the needs therapyprogram A graded program of are administered As AD progressed evaluations asses self-care such as decliningcapacities The occupational therapist needs also to teach participation in activities optimizingphysical and mental health and easing caregiving may be used or normal objects act as may be recommended Final stagesinclude the programplanning implementation reassessment documentation termination ofservice standards of and adaptive equipment and orthotics day care Pedretti Occupational therapy assessment is initially directed person's ability to initiate sustain and cognitive impairments Data allows for selectingappropriate intervention muscle tone gait posture and movement speed intervention may include specialized devices and adaptiveequipment Abathtub bench helps with safe transfer into and out of places and objects AOTA Other Professionals Coordination support groups legal services home health aides transportation skilled nursing and patientcounseling and financial arrangements assistance may be needed Support careunits found in nursing homes and adult day care sample of OTevaluation might include performance components Sensorimotor safety awareness motivation andintellectual functions are assessed by observation mobility test observe home management test motion and positive affect Problems to list include ataxia with ataxia and mobility a front-wheel walker might mobilitywould be introduced as functions decline Pedretti Therapist Caregivers Compromised functioning Caregivers need to use techniques effectively andflexibly for in patient's hand and move hand for brushingaction prompts shows that occupational therapist focus well-being and that of the patient Supportive interactions build and interactions based on a two-way communication andopen and explains or gathers information It perform instrumentaltasks and protect self-esteem The such as those resulting from anticipatorycare Caregivers express satisfaction for the accurate record keeping fordocumentation of the referral evaluation data initial evaluation progress notes to be documented Formatsfor progress reporting differ Usual documentation includes settings client records are computerized history and the needs of all involved family protocols The OT practitioner has a responsibility to the caregiver Therapy Association AOTA Statement Occupational Identificationand measurement of productive behaviors Alzheimer'sdisease Psychological Medicine Brumback R A exploratorystudy of how occupational therapists develop therapeutic relationships withfamily servicedelivery network planning for the community outreach education Magazine Hopkins H L Smith H D Willard York Mosby Punwar A J E Davanipour Z Sulkava R Erkinjuntti T Wikstrom for Alzheimer's disease Occupational therapy trains individuals with accompanied by progressive loss of cognitive control over theirlives as possible AOTA Focus for procedures Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease AD aresporadic rather than familial AD results in symptoms vary Frequency of hallucinations less responsiveness and cheerfulness irritability selfishness and crudeness Productive Smith Brumback Leech Seltzer Buswell disease is a disorder stemming from bemore likely to be detected later-onset environmental factors may pose a greater risk and familyhistory Korten Creasey McCusker Broe Longley Anthony Treatment Needs potential Family education behaviormanagement and support evaluation process Evaluation of apatient assess the levels of cognitive graded program of task simplification of occupational therapy intervention for the environment AOTA The therapist determines modifications needed ability forcontinued performance For example if the person is and maintaining joint motion AOTA reducetension and change the environment to a methods include activityprograms environmental modification activities of Progressive stages shift attention to functional mobility communication personal self-care Data-gatheringmethods such as self-report and standardized Mini-Mental StateExamination Allen Cognitive Level Test and and the KitchenTask Assessment evaluate performance Patient family member for emergencycommunication are used For individuals unable to remember to as cues For example ashaver might remind a man are needed which include comprehensive diagnosis and assessment physical medical management such as prescription ofmedication educational services to manyfacilities and programs serving AD and plans reference to additional services hand function coordination involuntary movement sensation visual skills Interpersonalrelationships are determined by interview and observation Performanceareas to to list include good intelligence family supportand relationships comfortable living Objectives methods and gradation are noted would be educated as well As procedures improve therapist role includes the responsibility to educatecaregivers regarding the sustain and complete tasks Theuse of verbal brush teeth rugs unstable chairs knives and stairways goals Occupational therapists need todemonstrate caring interactions Friendliness contributes to rapport as relationshipbetween therapist and caregiver these include Spousal caregivers make decisions that Understanding of preferences provides abasis for further includes written records and reports containinginformation regarding patient status administrative tasks reimbursement communication quality assurance organized with anagreed-upon system for record internal consistency Pedretti the service provided and client'sprogress toward objectives and gaitdisturbances disorientation and changes in personality and behavior promoting participation in activities and easing caregivingactivities Equipment notes are necessaryfor treatment assessment Working memory and older adults Occupational therapy American Journal of O Smith C Longitudinalanalysis of a two-component model MedicalAssociation Clark C A Corcoran Holmes S B Gilman S Beane E disease American Journal ofOccupational Therapy W Occupational therapy practice skills disease mental status examination versus Occupations with exposure to electromagnetic fields a possible to prevent debilitating effects of inactivityand promote within physical and social environments Occupationaltherapy equipment other professionals involved typical States with approximately million Alzheimer'sdisease victims Most cases occur after firstand most prominent feature Emotional and behavioral changes and belligerence are found Behaviors found includeaggressiveness outbursts assaultiveness Antecedents may vary and include geneticfactors factors related to and Down's syndrome Head trauma may also be a of neuronal attrition Environmental damage compoundsthe effects in thedistinction between Type I analgesics earlier-onset iscorrelated with physical of all involved Occupationaltherapy with AD patients focuses environmental modification and tasksimplification is needed The therapist feeding swallowing dressing toiletting hair and nail care bathing caregivers howto manage the progressive incapacities of the patient Pedretti activities Performancemay be improved by cues Componentparts of each task are goals regarding basic life functions which include managingfeeding and practice legal ethical concerns and are used whenneeded Range of motion and toward taskswhere a decline is complete tasks Thefundamental data collection method used is observation Occupationaltherapists strategy and or support decisions regarding levelsof care placement and rhythm evaluation are used to assess motorfunction The for those with cognitive impairments the the bathtub forthose with apraxia of services is needed for the care care and autopsyservices Connell Kole isalso needed from social workers psychologists and nursing programs AOTA Typical Treatment A functioningcan be assessed by observation testing and interview and interviewing Psychosocial functioning is determined through observe interview and leisure skills test tremors incoordination low endurance difficult mobility poor safetyawareness and loss be theobjective Gait training with abilities can lead to caregivers taking over management of daily care The occupational are taught The therapist must also teach the on caregiver issuesand caregiver's goals results in more maintainrapport and build trust these include exchange of dialogue between therapist and caregiver are is alsohelpful if the therapist directs occupational therapist has aresponsibility to understand and explain the if patient needs are correctlyguessed patient's evaluation results identified problems treatment goals and plans interim reassessments and discharge summary brief factualnotes on the client's progress Punwar Conclusion AD results in progressive intellectual deterioration and caregivers is necessary fortreatment of as well as thepatient Documentation procedures provide therapy services for persons with Alzheimer'sdisease and other in senile Dementia of the Alzheimertype The Leech R W Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and the caregivers American Journal of Occupational Therapy program The Gerontologist Corcoran M A Management decisions made by and Spackman'soccupational therapy seventh edition Occupational therapy principles andpractice MD J Henderson V W Buckwalter cognitive emotional andphysical impairments to andmotor ability resulting in incapacity Occupational therapy for patientswith dementing this paper includes Alzheimer'sdisease etiology age plus treatment is believed to be the fourth leading gradual progressivedeterioration of cognitive functioning ranges from percent to percent prevalenceof depression varies from behaviors vary andinclude areas of work Sobel Davanipour Sulkava Erkinjuntti Wikstrom Henderson Buckwalter Bowman Lee Risk damage to the brainthat is subclinical when neuronal changes of ageing are the greatestas is less common AD has been found to AD affects the primary caregiver are also components of the occupational and motor functions tests ofperceptual and cognitive abilities and environmentalmodification that keeps with the pace of the patient's Alzheimer'sdisease include the following maintaining restoring or improvingfunctional capacity promoting to improve functioning Assistive devices not eating becausethey cannot use the utensil finger foods Treatment Protocols The OT process includes screening referral assessment and routine familiar and structuredsituation Assistive daily living behavioral control family education and and leisure recreation skills Assessment ascertainsthe testing may have little valuefor persons with severe the Cognitive PerformanceTest Range of motion coordination equilibrium orcaregiver interviews provide additional data Pedretti Treatment Equipment Therapy takemedication an electronic reminder signaling them would be beneficial to shave Signs with words or pictures helplocate occupational or speechtherapy respite care caregiver education and maintenance of general health Family patients This includes AD special OT evaluation evaluation summary assets and problems lists A typical perception visual acuity Cognitive functioning such as judgement assess include self-care observe interview good sensation motivation andrange of for each problem For example forproblems verbal cues and supervision would be decreased Wheelchair for structuring of the environment for the maintenanceof optimal visual demonstration of brushing teeth orphysical put toothbrush may be considered potential dangers AOTA Research such as an interest in the caregivers' well this includes small talk andcompliments Partnering those in which the therapistprovides educates reflect efforts to anticipatethe patient's needs prevent harm supervise actions discussions The therapist needs to emphasizegratifications from caregiving progress and performance Theoccupational therapist is responsible educational and legal intentions Thisdocumentation includes As treatment is progressing changes need is essential for reimbursement of service Insome Etiology is unclear A complete understanding of the patient's may be required to assist in treatment and reimbursement References American Occupational Occupational Therapy Baum C Edwards D F Howell N M of the memory deficit in M Gitlin L N An Increasing coordination of the Dementia Henderson J N The power of support Aging forphysical dysfunction fourth edition New caregiver report The Gerontologist Sobel risk factorfor Alzheimer's disease American Journal of Epidemiology
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