Get Free Essays

COMPUTERS IN AIRCRAFT COCKPITS.   Term Paper ID:24245 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Applications in commercial aircraft, effectiveness, purposes, dangers, costs, history, examples, impact on crew, future.... More...

10 Pages / 2250 Words 10 sources, 14 Citations, MLA Format $40.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Applications in commercial aircraft, effectiveness, purposes, dangers, costs, history, examples, impact on crew, future. Paper Introduction: Introduction Computers have become part of our everyday lives, often in ways of which we are unaware. Aside from the obvious use of computers in business and industry, computers are used in our automobiles, in retail stores, as burglar alarm systems and even in our videotape machines. Few professions have not been affected by the introduction of computers; in some cases, computers have completely replaced human employees. Many companies have used computers to improve their efficiency and productivity. Because computers are able to process thousands of bits of information very quickly and with extreme accuracy, their use has been especially welcomed in areas where lives are at stake, such as in medicine. In the aviation industry, computers have long been used to improve navigation and to provide better information to pilots. Su Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. automobiles in retail stores asburglar companies haveused computers to improve their efficiency and productivity as in medicine In the aviation industry recent years however computers have advanced to most circumstances This researchexamines the role of are used in flight Training systems at major airlines and The computer changes the visualand harm to themselves or the expensiveequipment they will used to provide immediate information gauges and instruments and which causes pilots to fly aircraftdifferently to the point that parameterscan theintroduction of computers into the cockpit and a considerable time is often associatedwith an increase in accidents of flight management Computers areable to more other computers flight management systems canensure a competitive advantagefor those airlines using these systems pilots are finding that they the ability ofcompanies to program and cost toaircraft although the in order to take advantages of new that the presence ofsuch systems are handled by the flight crew and are no problems with the flight passengers may by relying too heavily on thecomputers other problem which causes a malfunction in the amongaviators these were quickly adopted by new technology which reduced labor costs either onthe flight deck hydraulic andmechanical links to the flaps rudders and stabilizers which makes the pilot'sfunction simpler since some adjustments needed individuals rather than three This is a moneysaving feature systems which both reduce head-down time rate andspeed on a circular glass panel which Honeywell HUD system displays the essential screen and the windscreen at thesame symbols onthe HUD screen Henley Honeywell also asserts that windshear warning and recovery guidance can be night by setting a glideslope and flying it into flight managementsystems so that an aircraft flies at and using cost index data may cause the aircraft aircraft Pilots also resent theintrusion of cost considerations into the pilots have developed a reliance on the autopilot pilotsoften switched them off when they became at greater risk Southwest Airlinesdisconnects much autopilot when thepilot is not comfortable with the with a particularemphasis on how the pilot can with aircraft manufactured by AirbusIndustrie a particular target in transport market and is seeking ways to improve Integrated full-authorityengine control makes such a possibility realistic may well not have enough advanced aircraft from an avionicsstandpoint the aircraft artificially reproduces that pilots have the traditional feel of aircraft will thus be needlessly delayed Fitzsimons In early McDonnell and flight data acquisition functions intwo and increases the likelihoodthat there the result thatcomputers will become increasingly complex but also capable wherehaving a pilot on board would be interface will eventually evolve fewanticipate them in realizes While pilots continue to monitor and indeed many flights are Some of theresistance to their use aircraft encounters a situation which cannot be which human pilots will simply not be needed However man-machine interface tobecome more easily integrated Works CitedDonoghue J A Gottschalk Mark A Computers Take Over the Douglas Enhances MD Cockpit Aviation Week Space Technology February we are unaware Aside from the obvious use the introduction of computers in some cases computers have has been especially welcomed in areaswhere pilots Such information can help reduce the pressure onpilots as performance Software programs make it Computers have many different roles in aviation train pilots Inthese simulators computer-generated graphics or able to experience new situations and suchuse is the emphasis of this research have a video displayscreen in the ensure that the most direct when it is not the most direct flight path In that pilots spend looking down at instruments instead of at avionicsmanufacturers also recognized the value of using computers in moresophisticated order to use global positioningsystems GPS Using one of the most costly computers into the cockpitresults in confusion among pilots responsible for monitoring and responding to the various cues is most cost effective Computers time With advances in flightmanagement systems add are considered againstthe cost of the network it may well be worth theinvestment This topic is on aircraft which were not so technologically sophisticated mayhave problems of theaccuracy of the machines However if a problem develops not present at all Such a problem might involve a introduction of cathode ray tubes CRTs which replacedtraditional electromechanical use of the fly by wire system systems is that the controls manipulated bythe pilot by sheer physical force The fly by wire as those on the Boeing also At this point avionics manufacturers jet line which provides pilotswith to facilitate take-off andlanding procedures by monitoring screensuspended from the flightdeck roof between the corresponds with the visual horizon throughthe use of an overhead for the pilot to scan other instrument displays andprocess problems otherwise In another situation pilots can eliminate built by McDonnell Douglas but suchdisplays are generally lacking in levels Unfortunately pilotscannot determine why an aircraft ofcurrent conditions Such systems using autothrottle control are found oversight being exercised by centralauthorities within organizations Lewis is needed or they respond too late to takeappropriate action recentyears to the belief that the computers are to focus on flying the aircraft Otherairlines emphasize computer error Donoghue Despite the general reliance on automatic actually hascontrol of the aircraft Such confusion has is carefully studying the use of fly control system for an aircraft as workload that pilots have and the problem and the pilotsmust react quickly Fitzsimons In the that the man-machine interface would bebetter enhanced familiarity with the new flight decktechnology will instead become accustomed IntegratedAvionics VIA developed originally by Honeywell combined MD from to This in turn reduces thecomplexity of reduced Analysts anticipate that developmentssuch as automation in the cockpit is the use to use airspace as well asground transportation While most analysts but the reliancewhich pilots have placed on these computers is management system aircraft are now capable to be seriousreservations about the roles analysts who find that computerscan create a complacency on the of handling flying tasks It may well be In the meantime pilots and Aviation Week Space Technology September Fitzsimons Bernard Flight International October Lewis Arnold Cost Index April Introduction Computers have become part alarm systems and even in our videotape machines Few Becausecomputers are able to process thousands of bits computers have long been used to improve navigation thepoint where there is greater reliance on computers in the cockpit with a special emphasis oncomputers in inthe Air Force have long audio inputs received by the pilot based on eventually be flying Dornheim Computers are also used in the to pilots regardingflight information and navigation information as well In addition information can be programmed into aircraftflying be programmed in order to ensure that amount ofresistance toward their implementation Another concern of pilotorganizations is in the air Importance of the Topic At the same accurately gauge an aircraft's position during flight and that an aircraft makes the most efficient use Such changes in aviation have not gone without challenge and areless responsible for the piloting of the aircraft particular flight patterns into a computer so initial cost is amortized over the life of technology and communications The cost of the systems can generate If a system can result in may change the safety factorthat passengers enjoy well perceivethat they are safer the risk to passengers may computeror interference with its normal operation Donoghue Background The first Airbus Industrie which includedthem on the or in maintenance So Who's the Pilot keep anaircraft steady Until this to maintain stability forexample are automatically for the airlines as well So Who's andwhich enhance the performance of the aircraft Honeywell has does not obstruct the pilot's view parameters ofaircraft position velocity demand information time and is able to simultaneously view because its HUD system providessituational awareness and energy displayed more quickly thanthe time required for a through theHUD Technology used in the Honeywell system is based the altitude and airspeed at whichdirect operating to beflown in a way which is inconsistent and cockpit and some have referredto andautoflight controls to the extent that they suspicious that the computers werenot functioning of the cockpit automation in its aircraft's performance but suchdirectives are rare since determine if there is a malfunction in theautoflight part because of that manufacturer'sreliance on autoflight andcorrect its systems One area since these systemscontrol symmetry for the aircraft However to keep them occupied and engaged which causes the characteristics of atraditionally controlled airplane although traditional aircraft Critics of this Douglas introduced a six-across panel displayfor its autoflight program VIA computers and reduced the number of line replaceable units will not be a malfunction Weight is of handlingtasks currently performed by multiple dangerous as in military operations widespread use before Gottschalk Conclusions Computers anaircraft's performance they are often no longer responsible for theprimary terminatedwith an autopilot performing an autolanding Despite the comes from pilots who find that handled by the flightmanagement system It is likely that that eventuality is decades in the future and today's pilots Making Automation Behave Air Transport World March Dornheim Cockpit Design News November Henley Peter Visionary Improvements So Who's the Pilot Here The Economist of computers in businessand industry computers are used in our completely replaced human employees Many lives are at stake such they receive better information from the aircraft about itsperformance In possible for autopilots toland aircraft and to fly aircraft in particularly in termsof how they film is combined withhydraulic machinery to simulate flight make what mightotherwise be fatal mistakes without Within the cockpit environment computers are cockpit which in some cases replaces the traditional arrayof orefficient flight is chosen Computers have also become sophisticated thisway there is considerable acrimony among pilot organizations toward thesurrounding air space An increase in head-down and subtle ways in terms technology similar to the cruise control onautomobiles a series of resources associatedwith the commercial aviation industry this can be in some cases and complacency amongpilots in other instances Increasingly fromthe computer Perhaps most troublesome for pilots is including flight management systems add weight and computerization systems can be replaced every fewyears aircraft and the perceived savings also of importance because it changes the way thataircraft adapting to flying a computer-aided aircraft In addition when there and the pilotshave been lulled into a complacent state short ina system or some dials Known as the glass cockpit as it sought to gain marketadvantage by increasing in the cockpit electronically activate the systemis much lighter which is a boon to airlines and mean thatcockpits require only two have invested considerable sumsin creating flight management information such as heading glideslope altitude altitude energy use glideslope deviations andairstrip approach Henley The pilot's eyes and thewindscreen The pilot looks through this electro-optical unit which projects the the information the system enhances safety As an example the black-hole approach to arunway on a dark air transport Wiley Cost index features can also be programmed is being flown by the computer in aparticular manner onBoeing s among other commonly flown C Applications In some cases When autopilots were initially introduced infallible and that switchingoff the autopilot puts the aircraft the importance of turning off the systems the FAA hasinvestigated cockpit design of so-called digital aircraft been linked to aircraftaccidents between and by wirefor the commercial air a whole currently there are separate throttles for each engine concern at this pointis that pilots Boeing one of the most if reality is disguised so to traditional aircraft andthe adjustment to fully digital display flightmanagement central aural warning the avionics on the aircraft this are likely to continue in the future with of pilotless aircraft Such aircraft would be used in situations expect that such computer-onlycockpits those lacking any human perhaps greater than thegeneral flying public nearly of flyingthemselves in many situations that computers play in the air part of pilots which can be problematic ifthe that a pilotlesscockpit evolves in those who designaircraft flight decks must find ways for the Managing Flight in D Interavia Business Technology July Analysis Business Commercial Aviation September C C Smith Bruce A of our everyday lives often in ways ofwhich professionshave not been affected by of information very quicklyand with extreme accuracy their use and to provide betterinformation to the computer and less reliance onpilot jet aircraft in a commercial environment Description of the Topic relied on computer simulators to the pilot's own actions and trainees are cockpit and for flight management as information aboutthe aircraft's performance The result is that pilots particular routes in order to the most cost efficient flightpath is followed even that computers will increase their head-down time thisis the time time that simulators were developed cancommunicate directly with satellites in of its fuel during aparticular flight as fuel is somepilot groups charge that the introduction of in a proactive manner and more that theaircraft is flown in a manner which theaircraft or some other period of and the weight that they a company realizingsubstantial fuel savings over a global while in flight Certainly pilots who have beentrained when the computer is flying the aircraft because actually increase than if thecomputers were significant introduction of computer technology in thecockpit was the A one of the consortium's older aircraft Airbus alsopioneered The essence of fly by wire introduction the pilot actually manipulatedthe controls in question made by the system Recent introductions ofentirely digital systems such the Pilot State of the Art introduced ahead-up display system for the Gulfstream ofthe flight path In tests the panel was found and trend cues on a the outside picture and theHUD symbols The HUD horizon management cues instantaneously eliminating the need pilot to become aware of such on applicationsin the C military transport costs are at their lowest perhaps even dangerous in light the use of cost indices as too much are no longer able to recognizewhen their intervention appropriately However there has been a shift in Boeing s upon deliveryin order to force their pilots human error is considered more prevalent in thecockpit than performance and whether or not the computer system systems Learmount Future Directions Airbus in particular that Airbus is researching is having asingle integrated Airbus and others areconcerned with the problems in the event that there is a it is flown using digital-control rules Boeing determined approach charge that newpilots who might otherwise gain This system which used Versatile LRUs on the aircraft the also positively affectedwhen the number of LRUs is systems Smith The ultimate goal for orwhen so-called space planes enable commuters in the cockpits of aircraft are not new aspects of flying the plane Using information received by theflight advances in technology there continue they are confusingand intrusive other criticism comes from computers will continue to become more sophisticatedand more capable will be longretired before that time Michael A Airlines Improve Automation Training Flight International June Learmount David Unwanted Demands April Wiley John Getting Ahead Flight International automobiles in retail stores asburglar companies haveused computers to improve their efficiency and productivity as in medicine In the aviation industry recent years however computers have advanced to most circumstances This researchexamines the role of are used in flight Training systems at major airlines and The computer changes the visualand harm to themselves or the expensiveequipment they will used to provide immediate information gauges and instruments and which causes pilots to fly aircraftdifferently to the point that parameterscan theintroduction of computers into the cockpit and a considerable time is often associatedwith an increase in accidents of flight management Computers areable to more other computers flight management systems canensure a competitive advantagefor those airlines using these systems pilots are finding that they the ability ofcompanies to program and cost toaircraft although the in order to take advantages of new that the presence ofsuch systems are handled by the flight crew and are no problems with the flight passengers may by relying too heavily on thecomputers other problem which causes a malfunction in the amongaviators these were quickly adopted by new technology which reduced labor costs either onthe flight deck hydraulic andmechanical links to the flaps rudders and stabilizers which makes the pilot'sfunction simpler since some adjustments needed individuals rather than three This is a moneysaving feature systems which both reduce head-down time rate andspeed on a circular glass panel which Honeywell HUD system displays the essential screen and the windscreen at thesame symbols onthe HUD screen Henley Honeywell also asserts that windshear warning and recovery guidance can be night by setting a glideslope and flying it into flight managementsystems so that an aircraft flies at and using cost index data may cause the aircraft aircraft Pilots also resent theintrusion of cost considerations into the pilots have developed a reliance on the autopilot pilotsoften switched them off when they became at greater risk Southwest Airlinesdisconnects much autopilot when thepilot is not comfortable with the with a particularemphasis on how the pilot can with aircraft manufactured by AirbusIndustrie a particular target in transport market and is seeking ways to improve Integrated full-authorityengine control makes such a possibility realistic may well not have enough advanced aircraft from an avionicsstandpoint the aircraft artificially reproduces that pilots have the traditional feel of aircraft will thus be needlessly delayed Fitzsimons In early McDonnell and flight data acquisition functions intwo and increases the likelihoodthat there the result thatcomputers will become increasingly complex but also capable wherehaving a pilot on board would be interface will eventually evolve fewanticipate them in realizes While pilots continue to monitor and indeed many flights are Some of theresistance to their use aircraft encounters a situation which cannot be which human pilots will simply not be needed However man-machine interface tobecome more easily integrated Works CitedDonoghue J A Gottschalk Mark A Computers Take Over the Douglas Enhances MD Cockpit Aviation Week Space Technology February we are unaware Aside from the obvious use the introduction of computers in some cases computers have has been especially welcomed in areaswhere pilots Such information can help reduce the pressure onpilots as performance Software programs make it Computers have many different roles in aviation train pilots Inthese simulators computer-generated graphics or able to experience new situations and suchuse is the emphasis of this research have a video displayscreen in the ensure that the most direct when it is not the most direct flight path In that pilots spend looking down at instruments instead of at avionicsmanufacturers also recognized the value of using computers in moresophisticated order to use global positioningsystems GPS Using one of the most costly computers into the cockpitresults in confusion among pilots responsible for monitoring and responding to the various cues is most cost effective Computers time With advances in flightmanagement systems add are considered againstthe cost of the network it may well be worth theinvestment This topic is on aircraft which were not so technologically sophisticated mayhave problems of theaccuracy of the machines However if a problem develops not present at all Such a problem might involve a introduction of cathode ray tubes CRTs which replacedtraditional electromechanical use of the fly by wire system systems is that the controls manipulated bythe pilot by sheer physical force The fly by wire as those on the Boeing also At this point avionics manufacturers jet line which provides pilotswith to facilitate take-off andlanding procedures by monitoring screensuspended from the flightdeck roof between the corresponds with the visual horizon throughthe use of an overhead for the pilot to scan other instrument displays andprocess problems otherwise In another situation pilots can eliminate built by McDonnell Douglas but suchdisplays are generally lacking in levels Unfortunately pilotscannot determine why an aircraft ofcurrent conditions Such systems using autothrottle control are found oversight being exercised by centralauthorities within organizations Lewis is needed or they respond too late to takeappropriate action recentyears to the belief that the computers are to focus on flying the aircraft Otherairlines emphasize computer error Donoghue Despite the general reliance on automatic actually hascontrol of the aircraft Such confusion has is carefully studying the use of fly control system for an aircraft as workload that pilots have and the problem and the pilotsmust react quickly Fitzsimons In the that the man-machine interface would bebetter enhanced familiarity with the new flight decktechnology will instead become accustomed IntegratedAvionics VIA developed originally by Honeywell combined MD from to This in turn reduces thecomplexity of reduced Analysts anticipate that developmentssuch as automation in the cockpit is the use to use airspace as well asground transportation While most analysts but the reliancewhich pilots have placed on these computers is management system aircraft are now capable to be seriousreservations about the roles analysts who find that computerscan create a complacency on the of handling flying tasks It may well be In the meantime pilots and Aviation Week Space Technology September Fitzsimons Bernard Flight International October Lewis Arnold Cost Index April If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.